Value stability and change during self-chosen life transitions: Self-selection versus socialization effects

Copyright @ 2013 APA. This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record.Three longitudinal studies examine a fundamental question regarding adjustment of personal values to self-chosen life transitions: Do values fit the new life setting already at its onset, implying value-based self-selection? Or do values change to better fit the appropriate and desirable values in the setting, implying value socialization? As people are likely to choose a life transition partly based on their values, their values may fit the new life situation already at its onset, leaving little need for value socialization. However, we propose that this may vary as a function of the extent of change the life transition entails, with greater change requiring more value socialization. To enable generalization, we used 3 longitudinal studies spanning 3 different life transitions and different extents of life changes: vocational training (of new police recruits), education (psychology vs. business students), and migration (from Poland to Britain). Although each life transition involved different key values and different populations, across all 3 studies we found value fit to the life situation already early in the transition. Value socialization became more evident the more aspects of life changed as part of the transition, that is, in the migration transition. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for research on values and personality change, as well as limitations and future directions for research

Nonexistence of nonconstant solutions of some degenerate Bellman equations and applications to stochastic control

For a class of Bellman equations in bounded domains we prove that sub-and supersolutions whose growth at the boundary is suitably controlled must be constant. The ellipticity of the operator is assumed to degenerate at the boundary and a condition involving also the drift is further imposed. We apply this result to stochastic control problems, in particular to an exit problem and to the small discount limit related with ergodic control with state constraints. In this context, our condition on the behavior of the operator near the boundary ensures some invariance property of the domain for the associated controlled diffusion process

A need basis for values

Values are viewed as partly based on needs, but little research has been devoted to testing this relationship. The need to attain or avoid cognitive closure may be an important cognitive-motivational factor underlying the endorsement and pursuit of particular values. The present research provided an empirical test of the relations between individual differences in the need for cognitive closure (NFCC) and Schwartz’s ten values. One hundred men and women from a southeastern British university completed measures of NFCC and basic values. Consistent with hypotheses, the results indicated that NFCC was positively associated with valuing Security, Conformity, and Tradition and negatively associated with valuing Stimulation and Self-Direction. In addition, NFCC was unrelated to valuing Hedonism, Power, Universalism, and Benevolence, but negatively related to valuing Achievement. Consistent with theories of epistemic closure, this research supports the idea that individual differences in NFCC give rise to values which match and satisfy individual needs to attain or avoid cognitive closure

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Dengan Menggunakan Video Dokumenter Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Unggul Baitussalam Aceh Besar

Video dokumenter adalah media audio visual yang menyajikan suara sekaligus gambar yang memungkinkan peserta didik lebih tertarik mempelajari fenomena-fenomena dan gejala-gejala alam yang terjadi saat ini disesuaikan dengan materi pembelajaran yang melibatkan suatu USAha eksplorasi dari orang-orang, pelaku-pelaku yang nyata, dan situasi yang sungguh nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; (1) Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa; (2) Aktivitas guru dan siswa; (3) Keterampilan guru; dan (4) Respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan menggunakan video dokumenter. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPS-2 SMA Negeri 1 Unggul Baitussalam yang terdiri atas 25 peserta didik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar siswa, lembar pengamatan aktivitas guru dan siswa, lembar pengamatan keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, dan angket respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan menggunakan video dokumenter yang telah dilaksanakan. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa; (1) Persentase ketuntasan individual pada siklus I yaitu 40 persen, pada siklus II 64 persen, dan pada siklus III 96persen. Secara klasikal, persentase ketuntasan pada siklus I yaitu 40 persen, pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 60 persen, dan pada siklus III menjadi 90 persen; (2) Aktivitas guru dan siswa dikatakan meningkat dari siklus I sampai dengan siklus III; (3) Keterampilan guru pada siklus I diperoleh skor 2,57dengan kategori sedang, pada siklus II dikategorikan baik dengan skor 2,94, dan pada siklus III dengan skor 3,47 dengan kategori baik; (4) Respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan menggunakan video documenter dapat dikatakan positif. Ini terbukti bahwa peserta didik dapat memahami materi yang disajikan guru terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan menggunakan video dokumenter

Value stability and change during self-chosen life transitions: self-selection versus socialization effects

Three longitudinal studies examine a fundamental question regarding adjustment of personal values to self-chosen life transitions: Do values fit the new life setting already at its onset, implying value-based self-selection? Or do values change to better fit the appropriate and desirable values in the setting, implying value socialization? As people are likely to choose a life transition partly based on their values, their values may fit the new life situation already at its onset, leaving little need for value socialization. However, we propose that this may vary as a function of the extent of change the life transition entails, with greater change requiring more value socialization. To enable generalization, we used 3 longitudinal studies spanning 3 different life transitions and different extents of life changes: vocational training (of new police recruits), education (psychology vs. business students), and migration (from Poland to Britain). Although each life transition involved different key values and different populations, across all 3 studies we found value fit to the life situation already early in the transition. Value socialization became more evident the more aspects of life changed as part of the transition, that is, in the migration transition. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for research on values and personality change, as well as limitations and future directions for research

Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru di SMK Se-Kecamatan Simpang Pematang Kabupaten Mesuji Lampung

Abstrak   Upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia bukan merupakan tugas yang mudah, karena sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas tidak hanya dilihat dari penguasaan terhadap ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, tetapi juga dari mentalitasnya. Peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan bangsa, karena dengan pendidikan yang berkualitas diharapkan akan tercipta sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas pula, dan pada Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja guru di SMK se-Kecamatan Simpang Pematang Kabupaten Mesuji Lampung, (2) untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja guru di SMK se-Kecamatan Simpang Pematang Kabupaten Mesuji Lampung, (3) untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara lingkungan kerja dan disiplin kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru di SMK se-Kecamatan Simpang Pematang Kabupaten Mesuji Lampung. . Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian expost facto, yaitu penelitian yang hanya mengungkapkan data yang ada tanpa memberikan perlakuan atau manipulasi variabel maupun subyek yang diteliti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional karena bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola dan keeratan pengarush di antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, artinya semua informasi atau data diwujudkan dalam angka, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara cluster proporsional random sampling.      Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh positif antara lingkungan kerja dan disiplin kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru di SMK Se-Kecamatan Simpang Pematang. Hal ini ditunjukan oleh Sig. = 0,005 < 0,05 yang berarti bahwa ada pengaruh antara lingkungan kerja dan disiplin kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru dengan sumbangan efektif yang diberikan sebesar 22,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian.   Kata Kunci: Lingkungan Kerja, Disiplin Kerja, Kinerja Gur

An adaptive POD approximation method for the control of advection-diffusion equations

We present an algorithm for the approximation of a finite horizon optimal control problem for advection-diffusion equations. The method is based on the coupling between an adaptive POD representation of the solution and a Dynamic Programming approximation scheme for the corresponding evolutive Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We discuss several features regarding the adaptivity of the method, the role of error estimate indicators to choose a time subdivision of the problem and the computation of the basis functions. Some test problems are presented to illustrate the method.Comment: 17 pages, 18 figure